February S8,189t





Record   and   Giu<





311





in a Republican country, tha writer, presutning that he inferred tbe applica¬
tion of fche same principle to national ownership, said: " \Vhat about the
Post-ofUce? I^ that not owned and run by the government ?"

" That is altogether a different thing," was fche reply.

" Why so," pursued the writer. " Gould not a privafce corporation run
tbe Post-office and perform the same functions as satisfactorily ;"

To this fche CompfcroUer reiterated his previous answer.





Ifte attention of readers is directed to the " Wants and Offers " at the
end of the Real Estate Department.





Eapid Transit Schemes.

Another public hearing was held by the Board of Rapid Transit Railroad
Commissioners, at wbich several schemes wifch which the public has been
made familiar were explained and advocated by their resuective promo¬
ters. Es-Begister of tbe Treasury, Lucius E, Chittenden. President of the
People's Rapid Transit Company, presented the formal petition of that
company for a franchise to consfcrucfc ifcs four-story viaduct system through
tbe centre of tbe blocks contiguous to Broadway.

This scheme has been amplified since ifcs last public appearance by lhe
addition of an underground railroad aud conduit system—presumably so
that it should have fcbe advanfcage of "' all fche modern imp rove ments." Mr,
Chittenden considers it the only practical solution of fche rapid fcransit
problem, and gave some interesting defcails of cost, not heretofore pub¬
lished, which be said were the results of painstaking invesfcigafciou by a
competent corps of engineers.

According fco fchese the tolal cost of the real estate for the right of
way, consisting of a strip 7.5 feet wide, from tbe Battery to Spuyten
Duyvil, and thence by a surface road extonsion to Tarrytown, would bo
$51,971,000; tbe cost of fire-proof construction of the viaduct structure,
four stories high on the average, to be of solid arches of masonry,
t34,S7S,951; the cosfc of the viaduct railroad, stations and equipment,
tlb,401,95'i; and the interest accumulations during const rucfcion, S.'i,000,100.
would make a total of Sl(.9.7nl,993 as fcbe cost of tbe right of way,
reconstruction of buildings and completed railroad ready for operation.

From tbis he Ilgnred oufc au income of 89,476,.'j00 net per annum. Out¬
side of the Greathead system this scheme has been the most elaborately
presented.of all tbe schemos suggested to tbe commission. Col. Jobn J.
McCook, of counsel for the Chittenden Company, who was one of tbe ad¬
visers of fcbe original elevated railroad company, said that in the ligbfc of
kis fifteen years' experience witb rapid transit matter,*, tbis viaduct
scheme was financially and mechanically practicable. The only question
to be determined was whether productive real estate in New York CJity, at
its present prices, would pay a reasonable income—4 or ft per cent, If the
commission was satisfied of tbis fact, the viaduct system would undoubt¬
edly pay.

Lawson N. Fuller and ofchers spoke for fcbe extension of tbe present
elevated railroad system, Tbe commission will bold another public meet¬
ing in two weeks.





layers' Unions, The signing of the agreement was postponed till the settle¬
ment of tbe difficully with Union No, 7.

Last nighfc a committoe from Union No. 7 met fche members of the Mason
Builders' Association at fche Building Trades' Club to discuss tbe situation,
Tbe meeting was still iu progress when The Record and Guide went to
press, but ifc is undersfcood that an efforfc was made to get Union No. 7 to
arbitrate with a committee from tbe International Union with a view of
paying an assessment. Union No. 7 appears willing to pay some assess¬
ment, but evidently wants to have the amount largely reduced below
tbat levied.

The Committees of Arbitration of the Mason Builders' Associatiou and
the Bricklayers' Unions will meet again afc the Buildirg Trades' Cluh this
evening to discuss the signing of the agreemenfc between the two organiza¬
tions for another year from Mayl, 1891. Itis hoped thafc Union No. 7 will
by thafc time have arranged its difficulty with the International, fcbus per-
mitling of fcbe agreement being signed and also hedging off the possible
strike next week.





The Disagreement Among the Bricklayers.

The International Uniou of Bricklayers is an organization wbicb takes
in tbe bricklayers' unions fchroughoufc tbe Unifced States and Canada. The
uniou assesses its membership from time fco time to cover tbe cost of stiikes
in different parts of fcbe fcwo counfcries, and recently made a levy upon tbe
bricklayers' unions of tbis city for Ibat purpose. Union No. 7, whose
assessmenfc is said t<f be in tbe neighborhood of $4,000, declined to pay,
urging that tbe assessment was unjustly heavy, and it ceased its membet-ship
in fche International Union, The members of fche sister unions of brick¬
layers in this cifcy affiliated with tbe luternational propose to quit work od
Monday on all jobs where members of Union No, 7 are at work, if No. 7
does not pay the assessment levied on tbem by tbe International,

Should Union No. 7 hold out, Id will not only be the means of stopping all
bricklaying work on a number of buildings throughout fche city, but ifc will
break tbe agreement between the Master Builders' Association und fche
Bricklayers' Unions of this city, wbicb is in force till May 1, 1891, whereby
both organizations agree tbat bricklayers shall nofc quit work or strike
until committees from both organizations—masters aud journeymen—
shall arbitrate upon fche difBculty., It will thus be seen thafc tbe case is one
of internecine trouble among the journeymen, and not a diffleolty between
masters and workmen.

Union No. 7 is one of the largest and wealthiest in fcbe couufcry. It has a
membership of over 3,1X10, aud owns ifcs own buildiog. Ifc has some of the
mosfc skillful workmen, and they are engaged on many important build¬
ings. Tbe union has not been unanimous in declining fco pay the assess¬
ment, forabout 200 members bave withdrawn, nofc wishing to be affected
by any difBculty fcbat may arise.

The Arbifcrafcion Committee of the Mason Builders' Association andthe
Joinfc Arbitration Committee of fche Bricklayers' Unions of this city met at
the Buildiug Trades' Club on Tuesday evening fco discuss a renewal of the
weU-kiiown agreemeut now in force between fche assoeiationsand tbe unions.
This agreement is made from May till May eaeb year, audit is the custom
of both Arbitration Committees to meet about the end of February in every
yeai- to arrange wbefcher the agreemenfc shaU continue in force for another
year. This js done so tbat tbe master masons shall know where fchey will
stand in the event of fcheir undertaking new confcracts for fche forthcoming
year. On Tuesday evening the difficulty in the way of renewing tb:s
agreement seemed to be the defection of Union No. 7, and until tbe trouble
about their assessment is settled amicably the association and the unions
are not in a position to renew the agreement. There were present ou Tues¬
day evening; Messrs. W. S. Harrison |in the chair), Timothy Mahoney,
Marc Eidlita, Edward Franke, Alex. Brown, Jr., and Jos. ScbaefHer, of
the Committee of Arbitration of fche Mason Builders' Association; and
Messrs, Geo, W. Smith, John Doyle, Tbos. P. Quinn, Benj, F, King, Josepb
Kraemer and A- Mueller, of the Joinfc Arbitration Connnifctee of fcbeBrick-





The World of Business.

Traffic of the Sault Ste, Marie Canal,—The business through
the Sault Ste. Marie Canal is far greater tban that through the Suez Canal,
though the actual period during which the Sault Canal is open to naviga-
tion is only about two-thirds as long as in the case of the Suea. Although
to the six days shorter season (compared wifch 18S9) must be added a loss
ut SSJiJ bours through the breaking of a lock valve, tbe business done
shows an increase of "20 per cent over fcbafc of 18S9, and lasfc year showed a
like advance on the business of 188S. The principal items of the last two
yeai-s' business are as below:

isno.               )8S0,

VoKseis, number..............................        10,,':flT              0,,^7!)

Lockafres, number.......................           4,970              4,fisi    -

RpKiStererl tonnage, net..................   6.A^,i^h        7,331,1135

Freieht towage, net tons...................    9,041,213        ^..-ilCOaa

Passengers, number.........................        a^.KFiH              a.'i.Iia

Coal, net tons..........................    2,076,925         1,029,197

Flour, bai-FPls................................    3.S39,li;4         2.-ii9,,1<n

■Wheat, bushels..............................   16.217.370       16,231.8^4

Other urnici, bushels.........................    2.133,315        2,044,M1

Iron ore, net tons,,,........................    4,774.763        ■l,(Iil5,prir

Manufactured and pig iron, net tona........       116.337            n7,5fl0

Salt, barrels.............................       179.431           108,250

Copper, net tons.............................        43,729             SB,456

Silver ore, net tonn......................          3,432              .5,947

Lumber. 1.000 fePt B, M........   .......        301,929           315.814

Unclassifled freight, net tons..............       371.294           31-^,410

Tho freight carried in 1890 is valued at *!0,221.870,000, as against
$8,373,2,54,71,'i for that carried in 1889. Tbere is a slight decline in the
number of pas.eengers and in silver ore. The decline in grain transported
is more fchan made up by over one million more barrels of flour. The total
increase of freight. 1,.595,190 tons, and of registered tonnage, 1,?32,.500, is
import,.int.—Ewjincerin^i and Mining ./ovrnal.





The Mandfacture of Turkish Carpets,—A correspondent of the
Levant Hwo^rf describes in a recent communication tbe mode of produc¬
ing so-called Turkey carpels. Tbey ave. he says, principally made in Ibe
towns of Ousbak, Ghiordes. Koula, Demirgi, Rielas, Ladik. Pergaraos and
Sparta, and'are exported for the most part to England and America.
Ousbak, tbe seat of the trade, is a town of about 20,000 inhabitants, most
of whom are occupied in carpet making, fcbe actual number of looms at
work being .500. Koulaand Ghiordes have populations of about 15.001'.
Demirgi has become a carpefc-weavine town within the last six or eight
years, owing lo an accidenfc. Years back lhe town was destroyed by fire,
and the inhabitants, too poor to reconstruct fcheir habitations, emigi-ateti to
Ghiordes. where they learned the art of carpet making. As soon as they
had saved some money fcbey returned and rebuilt their native town, set¬
ting up looms of their own. Their carpets were uot a success at first, bufc
tbey managed to improve them, and now they are superior both iu texture
and color to those of Sbiordes. Ladik, Pergamos and Melas are rug-pro¬
ducing centres. Afc Sparta the industry has just heen introduced. The
manner of weaving is primitive. The wool, which is ohtained from the
fatrtailed sheep reared by the Turks on the highlands, is washed by men in
fche neighboring streams, and spun on tbe wheels by the old women of lhe
town; it is fchen sent to be dyed, after wbich it is sold to the manufacturer.
The looms consisfcof two thick polps flxed firmly in the ground afc a disfcance
from each otber; fcwo otbers are joined, one above and the other below,
and to these tbe waip or chain of carpet is attached. At the foot of tbis
loom the weavers sit cross-legged, sometimes as mauy as ten in a row, each
workingat a two-foot width of caroet. The yarn is taken from bobbins
suspended above tbeir beads and tied fco tbe warp; ifc is fchen cut with a sharp
knife and fcbe pile and wool driven together by means of a comb. A car¬
pet can be made of auy lengtb, but its width depends on tbe size of lhe
loom. Notwithstanding that tbis isa primitive mode of proceeding, it is nofc
without its advantages, for, inasmuch as tbe texture musfc be looser than tbe
machine-made cai-pets, the colors can blend more easily, and fcbe carpet or
rng becomes softer andmore plJanfc to the tread. The weavers are all women;
they are daily chaperoned to fcbe loom by an old woman, who sees tbat i bey
work diligently- Although the cold in winter is intense, and the workers
suffer considerably, tbey will not accept the humanitarian efforts made to
procure them some comfort, Mr. d'Andria, one of the largest carpefc
merchants in Smyrna, offered to bu'ld for them a large factory with
glass windows wherein they could work comfortably, though it blew a
tempest without. Whether from fear of being seen, or from some equally
valid reason, they refused tbis kind offer, and continued to work in
wretched hovels barely flt for pigsfcies, warming their frozen fingers over
fche smouldering contents of brai.iers. During the reign of Abdui-Aziz
bright colors were in vogue, and the manufactures bad recoiu'se to minet-al
dyes; now, however, the fashion has gone out, and fcbey have reverted to
vegetable pigments—vol on ea for white aud brown, yellow berries for
green aud yellow, madder roots and cochineal for red, and indigo for blue.
—London Times.





The Development of the South.—The Manufacturers' Record gives

a table showing the uew enterprises organized In the Southern  States dur¬
ing the past five years, wbich we condense as below:

1890.       1S89.      I8S8,     1887.    1886.

Iron furnaces..................................56          50          19          29          28

Machine shop^. etc ...........................    136        144        ISS        103          68

Agricultural impl eta e nts.................      18          H          16          2,i          IJ

Furniture factories............................     68          74          63         55          23

Cotton mills........................-..........     Sa        t"          70          77           9

Miniugand quarjTing.........................   551        005        46)        hGi        1-4

WoodworldaB.......    .....................    63a     1,066        T96        7S6        44S

Iron and steel works...........................    106          67          40         71          S6

Cotton seed oil mills    .......................     40          99          27          18           4

Total......................................3,917     5,135     3,618     3,430      1,575

Tbe production of pig irou was for the firsfcbalf of fche year 9fil.900 net
tons, and the production for the l[.st half is estimated at fully 1,000,000
tons, or an aggregate of 1,751,756 gross tons; a probable increase over last





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